Ludwig spent all his own private royal revenues (although not state funds as is commonly thought) on these projects, borrowed extensively, and defied all attempts by his ministers to restrain him. He commissioned the construction of two lavish palaces and Neuschwanstein Castle, and he was a devoted patron of the composer Richard Wagner. Nevertheless, Ludwig increasingly withdrew from day-to-day affairs of state in favour of extravagant artistic and architectural projects. The officers and men of the Bavarian Army continued to swear their oaths to the king of Bavaria and not the German emperor. Bavaria also kept its light-blue infantry uniforms, the Raupenhelm (until 1886), the Light Cavalry and some other peculiarities.

Not only did the army retain, like the kingdoms of Saxony and WГјrttemberg, its own troops, War Ministry and military justice system, but it was also excluded from the Empire-wide regimental re-numbering of the army regiments, and would only come under Imperial control in times of war. In the new Imperial Constitution, Bavaria was able to secure for itself extensive rights, in particular regarding military sovereignty. Bavaria did however retain a large degree of autonomy on some matters within the Empire, which was named the Reich. The two candidates for the new Kaiser were Ludwig and his cousin Wilhelm. However, in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870, Bavaria sided with Prussia against France, and after the Prussian victory, it became part of the new German Empire, comprising 22 monarchies, led by the Prussian Monarchy, whose king became Deutscher Kaiser (' German Emperor'). Two years later, Bavaria and Austria fought a war against Prussia lasting only a matter of weeks, which they lost. Ludwig ascended to the throne in 1864 at the age of 18. He also held the titles of Count Palatine of the Rhine, Duke of Bavaria, Duke of Franconia, and Duke in Swabia. He is sometimes called the Swan King or der MГ¤rchenkГ¶nig ('the Fairy Tale King'). Ludwig II (Ludwig Otto Friedrich Wilhelm 25 August 1845 вЂ“ 13 June 1886) was King of Bavaria from 1864 until his death in 1886.

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